What Are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that form in or on the uterus. Many women develop fibroids during their childbearing years. Although these growths are usually harmless, they can cause discomfort. In fact, uterine fibroids are one of the most common reasons women visit a gynecologist. According to the CDC, up to 80% of women may have fibroids by age 50. However, not all women will notice symptoms. Because fibroids can vary in size and number, each woman’s experience is different. Some fibroids are as small as a seed, while others can grow much larger.
Common Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids
Many women with uterine fibroids do not have symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they can affect daily life. For example, heavy or long periods are common. In addition, women may notice pelvic pain or pressure. Sometimes, fibroids can cause problems with urination or bowel movements. Below are some symptoms to watch for:
Because these symptoms can also be linked to other conditions, it is important to talk to a healthcare provider if you notice changes.
Causes and Risk Factors
Although doctors do not know the exact cause of uterine fibroids, several factors may play a role. For instance, hormones like estrogen and progesterone help fibroids grow. In addition, genetics can increase your risk. If your mother or sister had fibroids, you are more likely to develop them too. Other risk factors include:
While some women may have several risk factors, others may develop fibroids without any known reason. Still, knowing your risk can help you stay aware of symptoms.
How Uterine Fibroids Are Diagnosed
Doctors use several methods to diagnose uterine fibroids. First, your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, a pelvic exam may be done to check for an enlarged uterus. Because fibroids can be hard to feel, imaging tests are often needed. For example, an ultrasound uses sound waves to create pictures of the uterus. Sometimes, an MRI is used for more detail. In some cases, doctors may use other tests, such as:
With these tests, doctors can find the size, number, and location of fibroids. This helps guide treatment choices.
Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids
Treatment for uterine fibroids depends on your symptoms, age, and plans for pregnancy. Some women do not need any treatment if symptoms are mild. However, if fibroids cause problems, several options are available. For example, medicines can help control heavy bleeding or pain. These may include birth control pills or hormone therapy. In addition, doctors may suggest non-surgical procedures, such as:
Sometimes, surgery is needed. Myomectomy removes only the fibroids, while hysterectomy removes the uterus. Because each treatment has pros and cons, your doctor will help you choose the best option for you.
Lifestyle Tips and Prevention
While you cannot always prevent uterine fibroids, healthy habits may lower your risk. For instance, eating more fruits and vegetables can help. In addition, regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight are important. Some studies suggest that getting enough vitamin D may also reduce risk. Here are some lifestyle tips:
Because early detection can make a difference, it is wise to track any changes in your menstrual cycle or pelvic health. If you live in a city with many healthcare options, such as New York or Los Angeles, you may find specialized fibroid care centers nearby.
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